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Unveiling the World of MERN Full Stack Development: A Comprehensive Guide

In the vast landscape of web development, MERN stack has emerged as a powerful and popular choice for building robust and dynamic web applications. MERN, an acronym for MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js, represents a full stack development framework that streamlines the process of creating modern web applications. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into the world of MERN full stack development, exploring its components, advantages, challenges, and the role of a MERN full stack developer. Understanding the MERN Stack: MongoDB: MongoDB is a NoSQL database that stores data in JSON-like documents. It offers flexibility and scalability, making it ideal for handling large volumes of data and accommodating changes in the data structure over time. Express.js: Express.js is a minimalist web application framework for Node.js. It simplifies the process of building web applications and APIs by providing a robust set of features for routing, middleware, and handling HTTP requests and responses. React.js: React.js is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It enables developers to create interactive and dynamic UI components that can efficiently update and render changes without reloading the entire page. React's component-based architecture promotes reusability and modularity, leading to cleaner and maintainable code. Node.js: Node.js is a runtime environment that allows developers to run JavaScript code on the server-side. It provides event-driven, non-blocking I/O capabilities, making it well-suited for building scalable and real-time applications. Node.js powers the backend of MERN applications, handling server-side logic and data processing. Advantages of MERN Stack Development: Single Language: With MERN stack, developers can use JavaScript for both frontend and backend development. This unified language approach streamlines the development process, reduces context switching, and enhances code consistency. Reusability: MERN promotes code reusability through React.js components, which can be easily shared and reused across different parts of the application. This accelerates development and ensures consistency in UI design and functionality. Performance: MERN applications leverage the efficiency of React.js virtual DOM and Node.js event-driven architecture to deliver high performance and responsiveness. The lightweight nature of Express.js further contributes to faster server-side processing and reduced latency. Scalability: MongoDB's horizontal scalability and Node.js's non-blocking I/O model make MERN applications inherently scalable. They can handle a large number of concurrent connections and scale seamlessly as the application grows in terms of users and data. Community Support and Ecosystem: The MERN stack benefits from a vibrant and active community of developers, along with a rich ecosystem of libraries, tools, and resources. This ensures continuous innovation, timely updates, and ample support for developers facing challenges during development. Challenges of MERN Stack Development: Learning Curve: While JavaScript is a popular programming language, mastering the entire MERN stack requires learning multiple technologies and concepts, including frontend and backend development, database management, and API integration. This steep learning curve can be daunting for beginners. Complexity: Building complex MERN applications with advanced features and functionalities can introduce complexity, especially when handling state management, data flow, and server-side logic. Developers need to design scalable and maintainable architectures to manage complexity effectively. Security: Like any other web development stack, MERN applications are vulnerable to security threats such as cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and data breaches. Developers must adhere to security best practices, implement authentication and authorization mechanisms, and regularly update dependencies to mitigate security risks. Deployment and DevOps: Deploying and managing MERN applications in production environments require expertise in deployment strategies, server configuration, performance optimization, and monitoring. DevOps practices such as continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) are essential for ensuring the reliability and scalability of MERN applications. Role of a MERN Full Stack Developer: A MERN full stack developer plays a pivotal role in the development lifecycle of MERN applications. Their responsibilities include: Frontend Development: Designing and developing user interfaces using React.js, implementing UI components, handling user interactions, and ensuring a seamless user experience across different devices and browsers. Backend Development: Building server-side logic and APIs using Node.js and Express.js, designing data models, integrating with MongoDB or other databases, implementing authentication and authorization mechanisms, and optimizing server performance. Database Management: Configuring and managing MongoDB databases, designing schemas, performing CRUD operations, optimizing database queries, and ensuring data integrity and security. Deployment and Maintenance: Deploying MERN applications to production environments, configuring servers, setting up monitoring and logging, troubleshooting issues, and performing regular maintenance tasks such as updates and backups. Collaboration and Communication: Collaborating with cross-functional teams including designers, product managers, and QA engineers, communicating project requirements and progress, and actively participating in agile development processes. Conclusion: MERN stack development offers a compelling combination of flexibility, performance, and productivity for building modern web applications. By leveraging the power of MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js, developers can create scalable, real-time, and feature-rich applications that meet the evolving needs of users and businesses. While MERN stack development presents its challenges, such as the learning curve and complexity, the benefits it offers outweigh the drawbacks. With continuous learning, practice, and collaboration, developers can master the MERN stack and unlock exciting opportunities in the world of full stack development. Whether you're a seasoned developer looking to expand your skill set or a newcomer eager to embark on a journey in web development, embracing the MERN stack can be a rewarding and fulfilling experience. So, roll up your sleeves, dive into the world of MERN, and unleash your creativity in building next-generation web applications that make a difference. www.Technopediasolutions.com

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Technopedia Solutions : Web designing & Android App Development

Technopedia Solutions is a Private Limited company, was born from a desire to deliver equally high standards and consistency in website Designing and App Development in Bathinda , Punjab & Through out India.
Technopedia Solutions Having Professional Developers, Having Experience of 12+ years in Field of Professional / Industrial Training. You Can Become Professional Developer by Joining Technopedia. We are providing Industrial Training of 6 month / 6 Weeks in PHP , CodeIgniter , Microsoft.Net , JAVA , Android App Development, R Programming / Big Data , Python & AutoCAD.
We offer a unique, creative, and technical vision. Beginning with your initial idea, we persevere with the same intensity all the way to the grand launch ! Technopedia Solutions, belongs to a new generation of hybrid directors who think that digital production can’t be built by just one individual, but must be built by a group of very skilled, distinct, and talented friends.
We deliver innovative solutions to support new structuring, continuous optimization, integration and operations of IT systems. We provide a single point of contact to our customers for their varied IT requirements in three main service verticals, turnkey IT infrastructure, Customized application and end to end e-Learning Solution and business solutions on web & mobile platforms.
What We Do
Technopedia Solutions delivers complete web services ranging from custom website design to development of complex enterprise web applications using W3C Standard. We base our services on our clients’ business requirements and provide reliable solutions. Our competency lies in relating business domain knowledge with technology skills and proven methodologies to deliver extraordinary results in a cost-effective manner to maximize your competitive advantage and productivity.
Innovation, Quality & Personality
We never stop improving our services, including development methodologies, engineering practices, management techniques and QA standards to keep up with the trends in the market. This improves our team’s capabilities and increase customer satisfaction.

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ISRO Set To Test ‘Game-Changing’ Rocket!

ISRO Set To Test ‘Game-Changing’ Rocket: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up to test a heavyweight rocket. Chairman A S Kiran Kumar said the organisation is planning to undertake the first developmental flight of a “game-changer” rocket capable of launching four-tonne class of satellites from Sriharikota spaceport next month. ISRO rockets (launch vehicles) at present have the capability to launch satellites up to 2.2 tonnes; it depends on international launchers to orbit satellites heavier than that.

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GST Will Make 70 Per Cent Of All Goods And Some Consumer Durables Cheaper !

Under the proposed goods and services tax (GST) regime some goods such as cosmetics, shaving creams, shampoo, toothpaste, soap, plastics, paints and quite a few consumer products could become cheaper. It is likely that these products will be subject to the slab of 18 per cent rather than the higher one of 28 per cent.
India is likely to rely on the effective tax rate currently applicable on a commodity to get a fix on the GST slab, allowing most goods to make it to the lower bracket, a government official told Economic Times.
For instance, if an item comes within the 12 per cent excise slab but the effective tax is 8 per cent due to reductions, then the latter will be considered for GST fitment.
Going by this formula, about 70 per cent of all goods could fall in the 18 per cent bracket.
The GST Council has finalized a four-tier tax structure of 5 per cent, 12 per cent, 18 per cent and 28 per cent but has left room for the highest slab to be clinched at 40 per cent.
A final call on the fitment is expected to be taken by committee of officials at its next meeting on 18-19 May.
GST, India’s biggest tax reform in decades, is expected to be effective from 1 July 2017.

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Waives Farm Loans Worth Rs 30,729 Crore, Yogi Adityanath Delivers On Modi’s Promise,

Yogi Adityanath Delivers On Modi’s Promise, Waives Farm Loans Worth Rs 30,729 Crore Yogi Adityanath
In Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath’s first cabinet meeting in Lucknow today (4 April), loans worth Rs 30,729 crore were waived off for the small and marginal farmers. Beneficiary farmers will reportedly number around 86 lakh.
Farm loan waiver was the talking point well before the meeting was announced as the farming community had urged the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to waive off loans – a promise the party itself had made during the recently-concluded assembly polls, and the Prime Minister himself much earlier. While it can be said at this point that the BJP is keeping its election promise, critics have raised doubts over the effectiveness of populist measures like loan waivers. Too much focus has been laid on keeping unviable farm businesses alive by extending unsustainable artificial support and subsidies. “India needs an exit policy for unviable farmers and farming, not indefinite life support for them to stay in comatose conditions forever,” R Jagannathan has written about farm loan waivers.
Does this mean that farmers should not be extended relief in exceptional circumstances? Of course not. But instead of waivers from governments, the burden of natural disasters should be substantially borne by insurance. In highly exceptional cases, “debt relief can be considered, but only on accumulating interest dues, not the principal,” writes Jagannathan.
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Ujjwala Milestone

Narendra Modi government Ujjwala scheme is set to achieve a new milestone. In the next two days, representatives from a state-run fuel retailer will knock on the doors of a poor household in Odisha. That household will mark the two crore milestone for providing free LPG connections to BPL (below poverty line) households. Ujjwala was launched on 1 May 2016. For 2016-17, the target was set at 1.5 crore household

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In Less Than 3 Years ,India’s Solar Power Generation Capacity Crosses 10,000 MW

The government plans to achieve renewable energy target of 175 gigawatts (GW) by the year 2022. Out of the total 127 GW, 100 GW will be solar energy. The Piyush Goyal-led Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has taken several steps to achieve this target. Over 14,000 MW of solar power projects are currently under development and about 6 GW will be auctioned soon. Around 4 GW of solar capacity was added in 2016 and over 8.8 GW capacity will likely to be added in 2017.
India’s solar power generation capacity, that stood at 3000 megawatts (MW) in 2014, has registered a three fold rise in just three years. The country now has an installed capacity of generating 10,000 MW of solar energy.
The government is also planning a Rs 21,000 crore package of state aid for India’s solar panel manufacturing industry. Prayas, or Pradhan Mantri Yojana for Augmenting Solar Manufacturing, is a central government plan designed to raise India’s installed photo-voltaic capacity as well as to create an export industry for it. The government has also succeeded in bringing down tariffs, as low as Rs 2.97 per unit in some cases.
India’s electricity demand is projected to increase threefold by 2030. In the recently released national electricity plan, the Central Electricity Authority projected the need for 350-360 GW of total generation capacity by 2022. By pushing forward the growth in energy sectors such as wind, solar, geothermal and hydro-power, the country can significant reduce the shortfall with almost no environmental cost.

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5 ideas for making money online with a Small budget !

Idea : Teach how to sell
The next big issue is selling products. If you have experience with sales, help other startups. Don’t be afraid to share your knowledge with others. I know how we struggled for a single sale in our first startup where we were selling ERP to schools.
I learned the sales process by failing at it multiple times. Some of the books and blog articles helped me. You can start your blog or startup to help people in sales

Idea # Hiring and firing We could have saved a lot of money by avoiding hiring a bad guy (who ran away with our laptop after two months). We caught him eventually but we wasted so much time on the chase. He was a designer. He was a bad hire. We should have fired him after the very first month.
One of the rules of running a successful startup: “Hire slow but fire fast when you are in doubt.” If you know how to find the right candidates for a startup, you can help a lot of startups who are losing value because of bad hiring processes. You can come up with your own innovative ideas to select the right candidates for the right job position.

Idea # Stock market and business news Although it was once my favourite domain, I stopped reading stock and business news because of all the noise surrounding it. I do not trust the so-called market gurus who advise anything for their own benefit. There are very few people who provide information that is actually useful for investors.
Here comes an opportunity for you. If you are really interested in stocks or business, then become a trusted source of information. You can make a good business only after doing remarkable work in any field.
Do not pick my ideas to add more noise on the internet

Idea # Tech blog
I am not giving you ideas for tech blogs in this article as my purpose is to show you the potential of writing a blog on any technology. If you have something in mind, do your keyword research and start a blog.
Just for your information, 720 people search for the keyword “blue screen error in windows 7” every month. If you consider related keyword volume, you can find millions of people who are looking for help in fixing Windows

Idea # Start a deal/coupon/discount selling company Deals and coupons are the primary motivation for Indian consumers to buy online. Although there are many players in the market who are selling online deals and coupons, you can still make good money if you know how to reach out to the right audience that is searching for deals and coupon

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DeMo Didn’t Hurt, Indian Economy Registers A Healthy 7 Per Cent Growth Rate In Q3

India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate registered a healthy 7 per cent during the demonetization period from October to December last year.
GDP growth rate during 2016-17 is estimated at 7.1 per cent, reported ANI, which is a 0.8 per cent fall from the 7.9 per cent figure from 2015-16.
Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das said the Indian economy held its own despite the negative projections.
Several predictions emerged in the wake of demonetisation. While Goldman Sachs predicted GDP growth to fall by 1.1 per cent, Care Ratings estimated a drop of 0.3-0.5 per cent. The Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy even had a precise figure for economic loss.

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IMF Sees 8 Per Cent Growth For India

IMF Sees India Growth Rate At 8 Per Cent In Few Years: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said in its annual report that demonetisation would have only short term impact on India’s economy and it would bounce back to its expected growth of more than eight per cent in the next few years. It added that India’s growth is projected to slow to 6.6 per cent in 2016-17 fiscal due to “temporary disruptions” caused by demonetisation.
Mr.Modi Says Efficient Governance Can Ease Burden On Judiciary: Efficient governance can lessen the burden of judiciary and the government is in the process of cleaning the system, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on Wednesday. “And when I say efficient governance, then I see the link from the drafting of the law to its implementing authority,” he said. The Prime Minister appreciated Chief Justice of India J S Khehar for his “quick decisions” saying he was liking it.

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Bharat QR Code: Here’s everything you need to know about India’s new digital payment system

Bharat QR Code:
The Indian government has been making a big push for digital payments since demonetization of old currency notes. In a move to promote Digital India initiative and encourage cashless payments, the government has introduced Unified Payments Interface (UPI) for smartphones, and Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) based mobile banking for basic and feature phones. The government has also introduced Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) app, which is a unified UPI app, and Aadhaar Pay that enables you to make cashless money using Aadhaar card and your fingerprint for biometric authentication. Now, to further ease the payments process, government has introduced Bharat QR Code for cashless electronics payments.
Over the past few years, a lot of people have moved on from making cash based payments to cashless payments using credit and debit cards. However, this mode of electronic payment for cashless transactions has strings attached in terms of transaction fees and the cost of owning and running the card swipe machines. With Bharat QR Code, the government has taken yet another step to promote digital payments by simplifying things for merchants and also for the consumers. Let’s dive in a little deeper to understand what is Bharat QR Code all about, how it works and what are the benefits. A look at current QR Code-based payments
The QR code-based payments are accepted by most merchants across India, but they are largely closed systems. Visa is a pioneer in QR Code payments and it has already launched mVisa in India a year-and-a-half ago. Last year, DTH operator TataSky had partnered with Visa to allow and accept QR code-based payments from its subscribers. In fact, mVisa is the widely accepted payment option across the globe.
In November 2016, MasterCard launched its ‘Master-pass QR service’ in partnership with Ratnakar Bank’s Ongo payment wallet. RuPay was also expected to come up with its QR code-based solution, but there is no word as yet. Since demonetization, e-wallet apps such as Paytm, Free-charge and Mobikwik, among others have also seen a surge in usage. While these wallet apps also allow QR code-based payments, both parties need to have the app.
For instance, if you are transferring money using Paytm, the recipient needs to have Paytm account and app installed in their smartphone. However, there is no unified solution for the same. Meaning, I won’t be able to transfer money from Paytm wallet to a recipient using Freecharge or MobiKwik. This is where Bharat QR Code will greatly help

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In A Big Relief To Heart Patients, Government Caps Prices Of Coronary Stents

In a move that will benefit cardiac patients across India, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) has today (14 February) put a ceiling on the prices of coronary stents -- small metal mesh tubes used to open up narrowed or blocked arteries.
As reported by Isha Trivedi for Mint, the price of bare metal stents has been capped at Rs 7,620 per unit, and that of drug-eluting stents and biodegradable stents has been fixed at Rs 29,600 per unit, excluding the local tax. This new price will come into effect immediately.
Taking up almost 95 per cent of the market space, drug-eluting stents currently cost anywhere from Rs 30,000 to Rs 80,000. Dissolvable stents, on the other hand, cost as much as Rs 2-3 lakh. A bare metal stent, on the other hand, costs in the range of Rs 7,000 to Rs 20,000, as per the Mint report.

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Isro set to launch record 104 satellites !

Indian Space Research Organizations (ISRO) workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) will carry a record 104 satellites in a single mission on 15 February from the space center at Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.
“PSLV-C37/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission is scheduled to be launched on February 15, 2017 at 9.28 hours IST from SDSC SHAR Sriharikota,” ISRO said.
The PSLV, in its 39th flight (PSLV-C37), will launch the 714kg Cartosat-2 series satellite for earth observation along with 103 co-passenger satellites, together weighing about 664kg at lift-off. It will be launched into a 505km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO).
ISRO said the co-passenger satellites comprise 101 nano- satellites, one each from Israel, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and 96 from United States of America (USA), as well as two from India.
The two Indian nano-satellites are Isro’s INS-1A and INS-1B. INS-1A and INS-1B will carry a total of four different payloads from Space Applications Centre (SAC) and Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems (LEOS) of ISRO for conducting various experiments, the space agency said.
Last year, Isro had launched a record 20 satellites at one go. The highest number of satellites launched in a single mission is 37, a record that Russia set in 2014. The US space agency, NASA has launched 29.
The 101 international customer nano-satellites are being launched as part of the commercial arrangements between Antrix Corporation Ltd (Antrix), the commercial arm of ISRO and the international customers.
Speaking on the record launch, ISRO chairman Kiran Kumar had earlier said the aim was to maximize the capability with each launch and it was not to set a record. “We are not looking at it as a record or anything like that; we are just trying to maximize our capability with each launch, in trying to utilize that launch for the ability it has got and getting the maximum return,” he had said.

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RBI to launch new Rs. 100 currency note soon !!

The Reserve Bank on Tuesday said it will soon put into circulation Rs. 100 denomination notes in market with enlarged identification features.
The Reserve Bank will shortly issue Rs. 100 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005, without inset letter in both the numbering panels, RBI said in a release.
The notes with 2016 printing year will be similar in design with the existing Rs. 100 notes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005 having ascending size of numerals in the number panels, bleed lines, and enlarged identification mark, on the obverse.
RBI said it has already put to circulation Rs. 100 currency notes with the ascending size of numerals in the number panels but without bleed lines and enlarged identification mark. These banknotes will remain in circulation concomitantly with the banknotes being issued now, it added.
All the banknotes in the denomination of Rs. 100 issued by the Bank in the past will continue to be legal tender RBI said further.
Besides, earlier this week RBI had said that it will issue Rs. 20 and Rs. 50 denomination currency notes.
Launch of these small value currencies will be a big relief to common consumers to meet their daily requirements as the Rs. 2000 denomination bank note available currently has a limited acceptability as finding a change is a big issue when almost 86 per cent of the cash has been wiped off the market to abolish Rs. 500/1000 banknotes.

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Rupee hits three-month high against US dollar, breaches 67 mark,

The Indian rupee on Thursday strengthened past the 67 mark to hit a fresh three-month high against the US dollar after foreign investors continued to buy in local equity and debt markets. This was the 11th out of 12 sessions when the rupee is trading higher.

Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) bought over $800 million in debt markets in the last eight trading sessions, while they bought $700 million in equity markets in the last two weeks. ` The local currency opened at 67.05 a dollar and touched a high of 66.95, a level last seen on 11 November 2016. At 9.17am, the home currency was trading at 66.96, up 0.32% from its previous close of 67.19. `
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on Wednesday signalled an unexpected early end to the two-year-old rate cut cycle, citing concerns of resurgent inflation, and left its key policy rate unchanged. ` ` RBI’s monetary policy committee (MPC), headed by governor Urjit Patel, decided unanimously to shift the policy stance from “accommodative” to “neutral” and left the repo rate at 6.25%. The government will issue Index of Industrial Production data on Friday. According to Bloomberg analysts’ poll, IIP will be at 1.4% in December from 5.7% a month ago. ` ` Bond yield gained eight out of nine trading sessions and hit a fresh three-month high. India’s 10-year bond yield was up at 6.802%, a level last seen on 7 November 2016, from its Wednesday’s close of 6.739%. Bond yields and prices move in opposite directions. ` ` India’s benchmark Sensex index rose 0.2% or 57.36 points to 28,347.28. So far this year, Sensex has risen 6.5%. ` ` Since the beginning of this year, the rupee has gained 1.3%, while FIIs have bought $175.30 million and $230.40 million from local equity and debt markets, respectively. ` Asian currencies were trading mixed. Taiwan dollar was up 0.21%, Indonesian rupiah 0.18% and South Korean won 0.12%. However, Japanese yen was down 0.24%, Malaysian ringgit 0.1%, China offshore 0.07% and China renminbi 0.07%. ` The dollar index, which measures the US currency’s strength against major currencies, was trading at 100.34, up 0.06% from its previous close of 100.28

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Rupee strengthens against US dollar , for ninth consecutive session.

The Indian rupee on Monday strengthened against the US dollar tracking the gains in the local equity and Asian currencies markets. The rupee gained for the ninth consecutive session, its longest winning streak since June 2011.
Traders are cautious ahead of an event heavy week.
The local currency opened at 67.21 a dollar and touched a low of 67.20, a level last seen on 11 November 2016. At 9.15am, the home currency was trading at 67.22, up 0.17% from its previous close of 67.32.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will meet on Wednesday for its bi-month policy. Seven out of 10 bank economists polled by Mint expect RBI to cut its repo rate by 25 basis points to 6%. The other three expect the repo rate to remain unchanged.
India’s benchmark Sensex index rose 0.24% or 69.17 points to 28,309.69. So far this year, Sensex has risen 6.1%.
India’s 10-year bond yield fell to 6.398% from its Friday’s close of 6.409%. Bond yields and prices move in opposite directions. Since the beginning of this year, the rupee has gained 1.05%, while foreign institutional investors (FIIs) have bought $111.40 million from local equity and sold $247.20 million in debt markets.
Asian currencies were trading higher as the dollar weakened after mixed US employment data reduced expectations for a US Federal Reserve interest rate increase in March.
South Korean won was up 0.83%, Taiwan dollar 0.18%, Japanese yen 0.12%, Philippines peso 0.11%, Indonesian rupiah 0.1%, Singapore dollar 0.08% and China renminbi rose 0.07%. However, China offshore spot was down 0.04%.
The dollar index, which measures the US currency’s strength against major currencies, was trading at 99.71, down 0.16% from its previous close of 99.87.

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Union Budget 2017 India

The income tax rate for the tax slab of ₹250,000 to ₹500,000 from 10% to 5%.
This is expected to reduce the tax liability of all persons earning up to ₹5 lakh, to zero with rebate or half.
To avoid duplication of benefit, the existing rebate to the same group of beneficiaries will be reduced to ₹2500, available to assessees having income up to ₹3.5 lakh.
Combined effect of these mean that there will be no tax liability of individuals earning up to ₹3 lakhs.
Tax liability of only ₹2500 for those earning between ₹3-3.5 lakhs.
Individuals earning up to ₹4.5 lakhs will have no tax if they use the full limit of ₹1.5 lakh in investment under Sec. 80c.
All other taxpaying individuals in subsequent brackets will get a uniform benefit of ₹12,500 per person.
There will be a 10% surcharge for those whose annual income is ₹50 lakh to ₹1 crore.
The existing 15% surcharge for those whose annual income is above ₹1 crore will continue.
Small firms with turnover up to ₹50 crore will now only need to pay 25% tax instead of 30%.
Firms incorporated after 31st March 2016 could now avail of a three-year tax holiday in the first seven years of their existence.
Out of 3.7 crore who filed tax returns in 2015-16, only 24 lakh persons showed income above ₹10 lakh.
Of 76 lakh individuals who reported income of over ₹5 lakh, 56 lakh are salaried.
There is also a proposal to allow a carry forward of Minimum Alternative Tax for a period of 15 years up from the current 10 years now.
FISCAL MANAGEMENT:
•Total budget expenditure: Rs21 trillion
•Rs3,000 crore to implement various budget announcements
•Defense expenditure excluding pensions: Rs2.74 trillion
•Consolidated outcome budget for all ministries being created
•Fiscal deficit for FY18 pegged at 3.2% of GDP
•Revenue deficit for FY18 at 1.9

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Android Instant Apps is for a future where we can use apps without installing them

Web browsers are no longer limited to opening web pages, but are becoming a new platform in itself. Platforms such as Air Console allow users to use their laptop as the screen, web browser as the console and smartphone as the controller to play games. Google’s new Android Instant Apps program is built on a similar premise of flexibility and convenience, but will be limited to mobile browsers for the moment. It will allow users to run a version of a mobile app on a mobile browser even if the native app is not installed on their smartphone.
What makes Instant Apps different from apps that already have a version for mobile browsers such as Facebook or Amazon is that they can run those apps and even games which do not have a version for web or mobile browsers.
Announced first at the Google’s I/O developer conference in Mountain View California in May 2016, Instant Apps is a part of Google’s Early Access program and will be available only to users who sign up for it with the Android Instant Apps web-page.
How it works
User can open a mobile app in mobile browser by typing the name of the app in their mobile browser and tapping on the app icon that shows in the search results. In a regular scenario users will be redirected to the Google Play Store so they can install the app. With Instant Apps, user will remain on the mobile browser and access many of the features of the original app on it. Instant Apps, however, cannot replicate the entire app experience as it can’t use background services or access unique device identifiers that are available to native apps. Apps for Instant Apps program will be built using the same Android API, project and source code that are used in apps. Developers can put their apps on Instant Apps by creating separate build artifact for Instant Apps version besides the APK file.
Why it matters
As of now only four apps Periscope, Buzz-feed, Vikki and Wish are available on Instant Apps platform. Apps on Instant Apps will be the exact replica of the mobile app in terms of the visual appearance, and also with most of its features. So if you open Periscope on mobile browser, you can access all its features such as live streaming, typing comments, expressing likes or dislikes form the browser itself. This will do away with the need to download multiple apps on one’s phone.

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About Technopedia Solutions 1

Technopedia Solutions is a Private Limited company, was born from a desire to deliver equally high standards and consistency in website Designing and App Development in Bathinda , Punjab & Through out India.
We offer a unique, creative, and technical vision. Beginning with your initial idea, we persevere with the same intensity all the way to the grand launch ! Technopedia Solutions, belongs to a new generation of hybrid directors who think that digital production can’t be built by just one individual, but must be built by a group of very skilled, distinct, and talented friends.
We deliver innovative solutions to support new structuring, continuous optimization, integration and operations of IT systems. We provide a single point of contact to our customers for their varied IT requirements in three main service verticals, turnkey IT infrastructure, Customized application and end to end e-Learning Solution and business solutions on web & mobile platforms.

Read More